The Electromagnetic and Geometric Nature of Sound: Challenging the Standard Model
Rethinking the Nature of Sound
Abstract
The prevailing scientific model asserts that sound waves are purely mechanical, longitudinal oscillations that propagate through air and other media. Yet, this representation conflicts with how sound waves are visually depicted as transverse waves and fails to account for their more complex interactions with the environment.
Emerging evidence suggests that sound is far more than a simple pressure wave—it exhibits electromagnetic properties, propagates spherically and spirally, influences charge dynamics in plasma, and even generates light in the infrared spectrum.
This article challenges conventional assumptions by proposing that sound is a multidimensional force—longitudinal, transverse, scalar, and inherently harmonic—shaping reality in ways yet to be fully recognized.
We explore how sound, light, and charge are intertwined, pointing toward a more holistic, resonance-based understanding of the fundamental forces governing our existence.
The Electromagnetic and Geometric Nature of Sound: Challenging the Standard Model
I. Introduction: Rethinking the Nature of Sound
Sound has long been categorized as a mechanical wave—a simple fluctuation of pressure propagating through a medium such as air, water, or solid matter. Unlike electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum, sound is conventionally understood to require a material medium to exist.
Standard physics asserts that sound waves are purely longitudinal, meaning their energy moves in the same direction as their propagation, much like a ripple of compression through a slinky.
Yet, there exists a persistent paradox: if sound is strictly a longitudinal wave, why is it consistently illustrated as a transverse wave?
The Longitudinal vs. Transverse Wave Paradox
Scientific diagrams almost universally depict sound with peaks and troughs, the standard notation for transverse waves, which oscillate perpendicular to their direction of travel—such as light waves or water ripples.
In contrast, longitudinal waves propagate through alternating compressions and rarefactions. This raises several questions:
Is this merely a visual convenience, or does it reveal an intrinsic, yet unacknowledged transverse aspect of sound?
Could sound waves possess electromagnetic properties, just as light and radio waves do?
Might sound waves operate in a multi-dimensional manner, beyond the conventional linear compression-expansion model?
If sound were purely mechanical, its effects should be limited to direct vibrational impacts within its medium. However, growing evidence suggests that sound interacts with charge, exhibits geometric structuring, and even generates electromagnetic phenomena—implications that extend far beyond current models of acoustics.
Beyond a Simple Pressure Fluctuation
New discoveries reveal sound’s multifaceted nature:
Sound interacts with the electromagnetic field. Research suggests that under certain plasma conditions, sound waves can generate charge, induce current flow, and influence electric and magnetic fields—behaviors traditionally attributed to electromagnetic radiation (Friedlander, 1998).
Sound can transmute into light. The phenomenon of sonoluminescence, in which microscopic bubbles in liquid collapse under intense sound pressure, releasing flashes of light, demonstrates that mechanical vibration can convert into electromagnetic energy (Putterman, 1995).
Sound is a harmonic architect. The field of cymatics reveals that sound produces complex, geometric patterns in matter, echoing the fractal structures found in nature and in sacred geometry (Jenny, 1967).
This article seeks to explore a new paradigm of sound—one that positions it not as a passive mechanical force, but as an integral, active component in the fundamental architecture of the universe.
II. The Harmonic Universe and the Role of Sound
The universe is not static; it is in constant motion, structured by resonance, vibration, and frequency. From the quantum scale of subatomic oscillations to the macroscopic harmonic motion of celestial bodies, everything that exists is defined by wave interactions. The concept of The Harmonic Universe suggests that resonance governs attraction, structure, and interaction at all levels of reality.
The Harmonic Blueprint of Nature
Nature exhibits profound harmonic relationships:
Kepler’s Harmonic Law describes how planetary orbits follow precise vibratory ratios, akin to musical intervals (Kepler, 1619).
The Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio appear in biological growth patterns, from the spirals of sunflowers to the helical structure of galaxies.
Atomic structures and molecular bonding follow musical resonance patterns, suggesting that vibration plays a role even in quantum organization.
If matter itself is an expression of vibratory states, then sound is a fundamental organizing force within this harmonic framework.
How Sound Interacts with Other Fundamental Forces
The deeper we examine sound, the more we see its connections to electromagnetism, charge dynamics, and even consciousness.
1. Sound and Light: Two Expressions of the Same Principle?
Sonoluminescence challenges the idea that sound and light are separate forces, showing that under specific conditions, acoustic energy can collapse into electromagnetic radiation.
In plasma physics, sound waves have been observed to induce electromagnetic wave behavior, further bridging the gap between acoustics and electromagnetism (Bellan, 2006).
2. Sound and Charge: The Plasma Connection
Plasma—the fourth state of matter—is a charged medium that responds to both mechanical and electromagnetic forces.
Experimental data suggests that waves propagating through plasma generate charge, meaning that sound in such a medium may induce electric currents, just like electromagnetic waves do (Bellan, 2006).
III. The Electromagnetic and Plasma-Based Properties of Sound
Sound as a Charge-Generating Force
Traditional acoustics has long maintained that sound is a purely mechanical disturbance—a vibrational pressure wave that requires a physical medium such as air, water, or solid matter for transmission. However, this classical model fails to account for the behavior of sound in plasma environments, where charge dynamics introduce an entirely new layer of complexity.
Plasma, often referred to as the fourth state of matter, is a highly conductive medium composed of free electrons and ionized particles. Unlike a neutral gas, plasma responds not only to mechanical forces but also to electromagnetic fields.
When sound waves pass through plasma, they do not behave in the same way they do in a neutral gas. Instead, they appear to generate charge movements, induce ionization effects, and interact with electric and magnetic fields—suggesting that sound waves, under the right conditions, may carry electromagnetic properties.
This phenomenon is well-documented in space physics, where plasma waves propagate through the magnetospheres of planets, generating electric currents and influencing large-scale charge distributions (Bellan, 2006).
Studies on ion-acoustic waves in plasma physics confirm that sound waves traveling through charged environments do not remain purely mechanical but acquire electromagnetic interactions (Stix, 1992).
Key Questions Emerging from Plasma-Acoustic Interactions
The discovery that sound waves influence charge dynamics forces us to reconsider the fundamental nature of acoustics. If sound has the ability to move charge within plasma, we must ask:
Could sound, in certain conditions, be an inherently electromagnetic phenomenon?
Do planetary and cosmic charge distributions depend, at least in part, on acoustic resonance in plasma fields?
Might sound waves play a previously unrecognized role in large-scale electromagnetic interactions, such as those governing the Earth's ionosphere and the Sun’s heliosphere?
These questions suggest that sound is more than an isolated mechanical effect—it is a fundamental player in the structuring of charge, plasma fields, and potentially even the balance of cosmic forces.
Transverse, Longitudinal, and Scalar Components of Sound
For over a century, the dominant paradigm has described sound as a strictly longitudinal wave, meaning that its oscillations occur parallel to its direction of motion. However, mounting evidence suggests that this is an incomplete view.
1. The Evidence for a Transverse Component of Sound
In cymatics, where sound waves generate visible geometric patterns in fine particulate matter, liquids, and metal plates, we observe clear motion in multiple planes, which contradicts the notion that sound is limited to longitudinal movement (Jenny, 1967).
The behavior of sound in anisotropic materials—such as crystals and biological tissues—suggests that sound waves can exhibit transverse displacement when moving through complex structures (Brillouin, 1953).
Acoustic vortices, which form helical wavefronts rather than simple compression-expansion sequences, indicate that sound waves may possess intrinsic angular momentum and a transverse wave component (Parker et al., 2014).
These findings imply that sound waves can oscillate in more than one direction simultaneously, much like electromagnetic waves, which contain both electric and magnetic components moving perpendicularly to each other.
2. The Spiral and Torsional Nature of Sound Waves
In recent years, torsion field physics has explored the idea that vibratory forces do not always move in simple linear waves but instead propagate in spirals and vortices. Sound waves appear to follow this pattern under specific conditions:
Vortex acoustics studies demonstrate that certain sound waves naturally adopt a helical or spiral motion, particularly when propagating through fluids and plasma (Nye & Berry, 1974).
The tornado-like behavior of sound in plasma physics suggests that acoustic energy may not simply move forward but instead twist through space, creating structured energy flows that resemble the behavior of charged plasma streams (Bellan, 2006).
DNA’s double-helix structure, a fundamental blueprint of life, closely resembles a standing spiral wave—raising the possibility that biological resonance processes may be fundamentally acoustic in nature (Popp & Nagl, 1983).
The idea that sound may propagate in spirals rather than simple compression waves challenges longstanding assumptions about acoustics and aligns with the harmonic nature of the universe, where fractal and spiral patterns appear at all levels of scale.
3. Sound as a Scalar Wave: A Non-Local Acoustic Effect?
Scalar waves—first theorized by Nikola Tesla and later explored in quantum field theory—are a form of nonlinear, non-Hertzian waves that do not propagate in a traditional forward-moving direction but instead distribute energy throughout a field.
Several lines of research suggest that sound waves may exhibit scalar properties:
Phase conjugate acoustics shows that certain sound waves, when interacting with their environment, appear to self-focus and distribute energy non-locally (Fink, 1992).
Bioacoustics research indicates that certain vibratory frequencies in living systems do not dissipate as expected but instead appear to influence distant biological processes, hinting at a scalar-like effect in sound-based communication (Tomatis, 1991).
Electromagnetic research on Tesla waves suggests that longitudinal and scalar wave interactions occur in the very fabric of spacetime itself, implying that acoustic waves may contribute to subtle energy fields that transcend standard wave mechanics (Bearden, 2003).
The presence of scalar components in sound suggests that it may have the ability to influence energy systems beyond direct vibrational contact. This would radically redefine acoustics, positioning sound as a multi-dimensional force that operates not only through pressure but through field dynamics as well.
A New Paradigm of Acoustic Electromagnetism
These discoveries demand a new perspective on sound, one that merges acoustics with plasma physics, electromagnetism, and quantum field theory. If sound waves can:
Generate charge in plasma and induce ionization effects
Exhibit both longitudinal and transverse components
Follow spiral and torsional motion
Display scalar properties and non-local effects
Then sound is not merely a mechanical vibration. It is a multifunctional vibratory force, capable of structuring charge, organizing plasma, and influencing field dynamics on both micro and macro scales.
This calls for a reevaluation of sound within the broader framework of harmonic physics. If light is electric and magnetic, and charge is vibratory, then sound must be recognized as a key player in the orchestration of energy itself.
Are we on the verge of discovering a new branch of physics—one that redefines sound as an integral force in the energetic architecture of the universe?
IV. Geometric and Harmonic Structures of Sound
Spherical and Spiral Propagation: The True Motion of Sound
For centuries, sound has been conceptualized as a simple linear wave, traveling in a forward direction through a medium via compressions and rarefactions. However, this oversimplification fails to capture the full complexity of how sound actually propagates.
Instead of moving in one-dimensional straight lines, sound waves tend to expand spherically and flow in spirals, aligning with the fundamental structures of the cosmos.
1. Sound as a Spherical Wave
In an idealized homogeneous medium, sound does not travel in a narrow beam—it radiates outward equally in all directions, forming a sphere of expanding pressure waves. This is why:
A speaker emits sound omnidirectionally rather than in a single line.
A whale’s call in the ocean propagates as a spherical acoustic wave, detectable for hundreds of miles.
Thunderclaps generate expanding concentric pressure waves, rather than linear streaks of sound.
This spherical propagation suggests that sound is not merely an oscillation of air particles but an expansive, field-like phenomenon.
Schumann Resonances: Planetary-Scale Spherical Standing Waves
The Earth itself resonates like a musical instrument, vibrating at extremely low frequencies known as Schumann resonances—standing electromagnetic waves that wrap around the planet like a spherical shell.
These resonances, first theorized by physicist Winfried Schumann in 1952, arise due to the cavity formed between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere, where lightning discharges generate global electromagnetic oscillations (Schumann, 1952).
The fundamental frequency of the Schumann resonance is around 7.83 Hz, a rate that corresponds closely with human brainwave activity, particularly the alpha-theta border associated with meditation, intuition, and deep states of consciousness (Persinger, 2014).
This suggests that the Earth's electromagnetic field is essentially an enormous resonating system, functioning like a planetary-scale acoustic chamber.
Is it possible that biological and neurological processes have evolved in direct harmonic resonance with these global acoustic-electromagnetic frequencies?
2. The Spiral Motion of Sound Waves
While spherical propagation accounts for wave expansion, the internal motion of sound waves often follows a spiraling trajectory rather than a simple push-pull motion. This helical movement of sound is evident in:
Vortex Acoustics: Certain acoustic fields exhibit a tornado-like spiral structure, forming vortex sound waves that twist through a medium rather than moving linearly (Nye & Berry, 1974).
The Spiral Structures of Cymatic Formations: When specific frequencies interact with physical media, they self-organize into spiraling geometries, suggesting that sound naturally generates coherent toroidal and helical patterns (Jenny, 1967).
Quantum Acoustics: Recent studies have revealed that phonons—quantized units of vibrational energy—can exhibit spiral-like motion in quantum systems, further reinforcing the idea that sound is not simply a linear disturbance but a structured, harmonic force (Zhang et al., 2018).
Implication: The spiral propagation of sound mirrors fundamental structures found in nature, from DNA helices to galactic arms, suggesting that sound plays a fundamental role in the harmonic organization of life and the cosmos.
The Harmonic Sculptor: Sound as the Architect of Form and Coherence
If sound travels in spherical and spiral motions, what does this imply about its role in structuring reality? The answer lies in harmonic pattern formation—the ability of sound to organize matter into highly ordered geometric structures.
1. Cymatics: The Blueprint of Harmonic Structuring
The field of cymatics—the study of how sound influences physical matter—has provided profound evidence that sound waves do not merely pass through a medium but actively shape it into structured patterns.
Swiss scientist Hans Jenny (1967) demonstrated that when fine powders, water, or metal plates are exposed to specific sound frequencies, they form intricate geometric arrangements.
Low-frequency sounds produce simple standing waves, while higher frequencies generate increasingly complex mandala-like structures—demonstrating that sound can encode fractal and harmonic information into matter.
Cymatic formations bear striking resemblance to patterns found in nature, such as:
The hexagonal lattice of a honeycomb
The branching veins of a leaf
The crystalline symmetry of snowflakes
These findings suggest that sound functions as an organizational force, shaping matter in a way that aligns with harmonic principles inherent in the fabric of the universe.
2. DNA as a Standing Wave Resonator
One of the most striking correlations between spiraling sound motion and biological organization is the structure of DNA itself.
The double-helix structure of DNA resembles a standing spiral wave, suggesting that genetic material may encode vibrational information at a fundamental level (Popp & Nagl, 1983).
Some researchers propose that DNA functions as an acoustic-electromagnetic resonator, capable of absorbing and emitting phonon vibrations (Gariaev, 2001).
Experiments in biophotonics indicate that DNA emits weak light (biophotons) in a coherent manner, further supporting the idea that genetic material functions within a harmonic resonance field (Popp et al., 2002).
This raises an astonishing possibility: Is life itself fundamentally structured by sound?
If DNA is a harmonic resonator, then its genetic coding may not be purely chemical but also vibrational, influenced by acoustic standing waves and electromagnetic harmonics.
Could sound waves have played a role in the formation of early life, guiding the self-organization of molecules into coherent, functional structures?
Sound as the Harmonic Organizer of Reality
By understanding sound as a force that sculpts matter into harmonic geometries, we uncover its profound role in biological, planetary, and cosmic organization:
Schumann Resonances demonstrate planetary-scale acoustic-electromagnetic harmonics, potentially linking human consciousness to the Earth's resonance field.
The spiral propagation of sound mirrors the architecture of DNA, galaxies, and planetary orbits.
Cymatics proves that sound encodes information into geometric structures, suggesting that the fundamental building blocks of life are vibratory in nature.
This realization challenges mechanistic models of physics and supports the notion that the universe is built upon a harmonic resonance field, where sound acts as an agent of coherence, structure, and transformation.
A New Understanding of Sound in the Harmonic Universe
What we traditionally call "sound" may be only a fraction of its true nature. Rather than being merely a mechanical disturbance, sound emerges as:
A multi-dimensional force that moves spherically, spirally, and geometrically.
A sculptor of harmonic form, responsible for organizing biological and planetary structures.
A bridge between energy and matter, influencing DNA, consciousness, and cosmic architecture.
As we continue to explore the geometric and harmonic properties of sound, we move closer to understanding its role in the fundamental vibratory intelligence of the universe.
What other hidden harmonies might sound reveal to us?
V. Toward a New Paradigm of Sound
For centuries, sound has been relegated to a secondary role in physics, treated as nothing more than a mechanical wave propagating through air or other materials. Unlike light, electricity, and magnetism—each recognized as a fundamental force—sound has been largely dismissed as a byproduct of material interactions, lacking the significance attributed to its electromagnetic counterparts.
But as we have explored, sound is far more than an oscillating pressure fluctuation. It is an active force, shaping matter, inducing charge, influencing plasma, and even producing light. These revelations invite a profound reconsideration: Is sound, in fact, one of the fundamental forces governing the cosmos?
This question is no longer confined to the realm of speculation. Emerging research across multiple disciplines suggests that sound may be a crucial, yet overlooked, component in the grand architecture of physical reality.
If sound can influence the behavior of plasma, generate charge, create coherent geometric structures, and transmute into electromagnetic radiation, then it must be more than a passive carrier of energy.
Rather, it appears to be an organizing force, capable of bridging the gap between matter and energy, between form and function. Such an understanding challenges longstanding assumptions in physics, medicine, energy science, and consciousness studies—fields that, when viewed through the lens of harmonic resonance, may be deeply interconnected.
Sound as Medicine: Sonic Frequencies and the Regeneration of Life
The biological implications of this new understanding are vast. If sound can organize matter and induce coherence in energy fields, then it follows that it can influence biological processes at the cellular and systemic levels. Research into sonic frequency therapy, bioacoustics, and vibrational medicine has already demonstrated that specific frequencies can accelerate cellular regeneration, balance nervous system function, and even influence gene expression.
Pioneering studies in cymatics and biofield science suggest that biological systems respond to harmonic resonance, with optimal frequencies promoting health and coherence, while dissonant frequencies correlate with disease and dysfunction. The field of sonogenetics, for example, is investigating how targeted sound waves can trigger genetic expression, opening new doors in regenerative medicine and non-invasive healing technologies.
Could it be that life itself is orchestrated through sonic frequencies, much like an instrument tuned to harmonic perfection? If so, then medicine must evolve beyond the biochemical paradigm to incorporate vibrational, harmonic principles in healing and regeneration.
Sound as Energy: A New Understanding of Vibrational Power
The potential applications of sound extend beyond biology into the realm of energy generation. The discovery that sound waves can induce charge movement in plasma environments raises important questions about the role of acoustics in advanced energy systems. Traditional energy technologies rely on the transformation of mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic forces into usable power. But what if sound itself could be harnessed as a direct energetic force?
Research into acoustic cavitation, piezoelectricity, and quantum resonance fields suggests that sound-induced charge effects could be used to develop new energy technologies, potentially offering a path toward clean, sustainable power generation. If plasma-based systems can amplify and direct sound-generated charge, then a new class of sound-powered devices could emerge, radically reshaping our understanding of energy production and utilization.
The implications of this are profound: Could sound serve as a primary energy source in the future? Could certain frequencies be used to modulate and stabilize energy fields, providing a means of sustaining power without conventional fuel sources? If sound has the ability to structure plasma and organize charge, then it may be possible to engineer new forms of harmonic energy transfer, echoing the ancient idea that resonance is the key to unlocking unlimited power.
Sound and Consciousness: The Bridge Between Mind and Matter
Beyond its tangible effects on matter and energy, sound has long been recognized as a tool for altering states of consciousness, influencing perception, and unlocking higher cognitive potential. Neuroscientific research into brainwave entrainment, auditory-induced altered states, and psychoacoustics reveals that sound has the unique ability to synchronize neural activity, enhance focus, and even facilitate expanded awareness.
Sacred traditions throughout history have utilized chanting, toning, and harmonic resonance as means of accessing higher states of consciousness, suggesting that sound may be the vibratory bridge between the physical and the metaphysical. Modern studies on binaural beats, vibrational healing, and neuromodulation indicate that specific frequencies can induce states of deep meditation, relaxation, and even out-of-body experiences.
If consciousness is not merely a byproduct of neural activity but is fundamentally linked to harmonic resonance, then sound may hold the key to understanding and unlocking the hidden capacities of the human mind. This raises the possibility that the vibratory structure of the brain and body is deeply intertwined with the fundamental frequencies of the universe. Could sound, as a vibrational force, serve as the missing link between mind, energy, and matter?
A New Scientific Model of Sound
These discoveries demand a radical shift in the way sound is understood and studied. No longer can it be relegated to the domain of acoustics alone. Instead, it must be recognized as a primary force of structure, energy, and transformation—a universal principle that underlies the formation and function of all things.
A new scientific paradigm must emerge, one that:
Acknowledges sound as an active force capable of influencing energy fields and biological processes.
Integrates the study of acoustics with plasma physics, quantum field theory, and consciousness research.
Explores the role of sound in energy generation, healing, and cognitive enhancement.
As we step into this new era of discovery, we must ask ourselves: How much of the fundamental nature of reality has been overlooked simply because sound has not been considered a primary force? If everything in existence is vibration, then sound is not just a tool, but the very fabric of creation itself.
To fully grasp the power of sound, we must do more than hear it—we must understand it as a multi-dimensional architect of reality. Sound is not merely an effect of vibrating air; it is a structuring force, an energetic bridge, a source of coherence, and a key to unlocking hidden potentials in science, medicine, and consciousness.
If sound has the power to organize matter, generate charge, influence plasma, and alter consciousness, then it is not an afterthought in physics—it is a central, governing force woven into the very fabric of the cosmos.
VI. Conclusion: What Will We Hear When We Finally Listen?
Science has long sought a Unified Field Theory—a framework that connects all fundamental forces of nature into a single, coherent model. While mainstream physics has focused on gravity, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics, sound has largely been omitted from the conversation.
Yet, as we have explored, sound is not merely a passive carrier of energy—it is an active sculptor of form, a generator of charge, an influencer of plasma, and a bridge between consciousness and material reality. If we are to seek a truly Unified Field of Resonance, we must broaden our perspective and reconsider sound’s rightful place in the hierarchy of fundamental forces.
What if sound is the missing piece in our understanding of how the cosmos is structured, energized, and sustained?
The implications of this paradigm shift are profound. If sound is electric, light is harmonic, and charge is vibratory, then we may be on the verge of recognizing that all forces—mechanical, electromagnetic, and quantum—are facets of a single vibrational field. The notion that everything is frequency may not simply be a poetic metaphor, but a literal physical principle waiting to be fully understood and harnessed.
Listening Beyond Sound: A New Awareness of Resonance
To listen to sound in this new way requires more than just scientific instrumentation; it requires a shift in perception and awareness. Sound is more than what we hear—it is what structures, informs, and animates reality itself. To truly relisten means:
Recognizing that vibration is the organizing principle behind all forms, from atoms to galaxies.
Understanding that resonance governs interaction—whether at the quantum level, in the ionosphere, or within the human nervous system.
Embracing the possibility that consciousness itself is vibratory in nature, deeply entangled with the harmonic architecture of the cosmos.
If we shift our paradigm of listening, we may begin to hear the universe not as a collection of discrete objects, but as an interconnected harmonic web—a reality shaped by coherence, resonance, and vibrational intelligence.
The Invitation to Listen Differently
We stand at the threshold of an epochal transformation in our understanding of sound. For too long, we have approached it as an effect, an epiphenomenon of movement, an afterthought to the more "fundamental" forces of nature. But what if sound is not secondary, but primary?
What if sound is the fundamental field from which electromagnetism, light, and matter emerge? What if our very consciousness is tuned into the harmonic fabric of the cosmos, waiting to rediscover its resonance with the greater symphony of existence?
The time has come to listen—not just with our ears, but with an entirely new level of awareness.
If we listen carefully—not just with our senses, but with our understanding—we may finally hear the song of creation itself.
Final Reflection: What Will We Hear When We Finally Listen?
Will we hear the lost harmonies of the ancients, encoded in the sacred sounds of forgotten civilizations?
Will we hear the silent symphony of the cosmos, vibrating at frequencies just beyond our perception?
Will we hear the resonance of our own consciousness, echoing through the fabric of time?
What will we hear when we finally listen?
The answer awaits us in the unfolding exploration of sound—not as an object to be studied, but as a force to be experienced, understood, and ultimately harmonized with.
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Thanks for sharing! So cool
I'm interested in the area of sound, the relationship of musical tonality , modes and melodies, and their reactivity in terms of thought & emotions. As sound is a medium for communication , how is it that music, without words , evokes such profound response . It might be more than just physiological imo